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Compare Botswana (2001) - Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of (2001)

Compare Botswana (2001) z Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of (2001)

 Botswana (2001)Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of (2001)
 BotswanaMacedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Administrative divisions 10 districts and four town councils*; Central, Chobe, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Ngamiland, North-East, Selebi-Pikwe*, South-East, Southern 123 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Aracinovo, Bac, Belcista, Berovo, Bistrica, Bitola, Blatec, Bogdanci, Bogomila, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Cair (Skopje), Capari, Caska, Cegrane, Centar (Skopje), Centar Zupa, Cesinovo, Cucer-Sandevo, Debar, Delcevo, Delogozdi, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dobrusevo, Dolna Banjica, Dolneni, Dorce Petrov (Skopje), Drugovo, Dzepciste, Gazi Baba (Skopje), Gevgelija, Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Izvor, Jegunovce, Kamenjane, Karbinci, Karpos (Skopje), Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kisela Voda (Skopje), Klecevce, Kocani, Konce, Kondovo, Konopiste, Kosel, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kuklis, Kukurecani, Kumanovo, Labunista, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Lukovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovi Anovi, Meseista, Miravci, Mogila, Murtino, Negotino, Negotino-Poloska, Novaci, Novo Selo, Oblesevo, Ohrid, Orasac, Orizari, Oslomej, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnia, Podares, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Rostusa, Samokov, Saraj, Sipkovica, Sopiste, Sopotnika, Srbinovo, Star Dojran, Staravina, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Suto Orizari (Skopje), Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Topolcani, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Velesta, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vitoliste, Vranestica, Vrapciste, Vratnica, Vrutok, Zajas, Zelenikovo, Zileno, Zitose, Zletovo, Zrnovci

note:
the seven municipalities followed by Skopje in parentheses collectively constitute "greater Skopje"
Age structure 0-14 years:
40.3% (male 321,164; female 318,007)

15-64 years:
55.56% (male 423,954; female 457,227)

65 years and over:
4.14% (male 26,691; female 39,076) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
22.92% (male 243,715; female 225,349)

15-64 years:
66.94% (male 688,484; female 681,225)

65 years and over:
10.14% (male 92,043; female 115,393) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products sorghum, corn, millet, pulses, groundnuts (peanuts), beans, cowpeas, sunflower seed; livestock rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton
Airports 92 (2000 est.) 16 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
11

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
8

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
10

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

under 914 m:
8 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
81

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
56

under 914 m:
22 (2000 est.)
total:
6

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total:
600,370 sq km

land:
585,370 sq km

water:
15,000 sq km
total:
25,333 sq km

land:
24,856 sq km

water:
477 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Texas slightly larger than Vermont
Background Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. The economy, one of the most robust on the continent, is dominated by diamond mining. International recognition of The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's (FYROM) independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 was delayed by Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols. Greece finally lifted its trade blockade in 1995, and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, despite continued disagreement over FYROM's use of "Macedonia." FYROM's large Albanian minority and the de facto independence of neighboring Kosovo continue to be sources of ethnic tension.
Birth rate 28.85 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 13.5 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$1.6 billion

expenditures:
$1.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $560 million (FY96)
revenues:
$1.06 billion

expenditures:
$1 billion, including capital expenditures of $107 million (1996 est.)
Capital Gaborone Skopje
Climate semiarid; warm winters and hot summers warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution March 1965, effective 30 September 1966 adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991

note:
Democratic Party for Albanians (DPA), which is now a member party of the government, is calling for a rewrite of the constitution to declare ethnic Albanians a constituent national group and allow for greater regional autonomy
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Botswana

conventional short form:
Botswana

former:
Bechuanaland
conventional long form:
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

conventional short form:
none

local long form:
Republika Makedonija

local short form:
Makedonija

abbreviation:
FYROM
Currency pula (BWP) Macedonian denar (MKD)
Death rate 24.18 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.7 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $455 million (2000) $1.4 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador John E. LANGE

embassy:
address NA, Gaborone

mailing address:
P. O. Box 90, Gaborone

telephone:
[267] 353982

FAX:
[267] 356947
chief of mission:
Ambassador Michael M. EINIK

embassy:
Bul. Ilinden bb, 91000 Skopje

mailing address:
American Embassy Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch)

telephone:
[389] (91) 116-180

FAX:
[389] (91) 117-103
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Kgosi SEEPAPITSO IV

chancery:
1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 244-4990

FAX:
[1] (202) 244-4164
chief of mission:
Ambassador Ljubica Z. ACEVSKA

chancery:
3050 K Street, NW, Suite 210, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 337 3063

FAX:
[1] (202) 337-3093

consulate(s) general:
New York
Disputes - international none dispute with Greece over its name; February 2001 agreement with Yugoslavia settled alignment of boundary, stipulating implementation within two years
Economic aid - recipient $73 million (1995) $100 million from the EU (2000)
Economy - overview Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $6,600 in 2000. Diamond mining has fueled much of Botswana's economic expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for three-fourths of export earnings. Tourism, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. The government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 19%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains. At independence in November 1991, Macedonia was the least developed of the Yugoslav republics, producing a mere 5% of the total federal output of goods and services. The collapse of Yugoslavia ended transfer payments from the center and eliminated advantages from inclusion in a de facto free trade area. An absence of infrastructure, UN sanctions on its largest market Yugoslavia, and a Greek economic embargo hindered economic growth until 1996. GDP has subsequently increased each year, rising by 5% in 2000. Successful privatization in 2000 boosted the country's reserves to over $700 million. Also, the leadership demonstrated a continuing commitment to economic reform, free trade, and regional integration. Inflation jumped to 11% in 2000, largely due to higher oil prices.
Electricity - consumption 1.517 billion kWh (1999) 5.992 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 30 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 950 million kWh (1999) 75 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 610 million kWh (1999) 6.395 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
82.25%

hydro:
17.75%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m

highest point:
Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m
lowest point:
Vardar River 50 m

highest point:
Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,753 m
Environment - current issues overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources air pollution from metallurgical plants
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7% Macedonian 66.6%, Albanian 22.7%, Turkish 4%, Roma 2.2%, Serb 2.1%, other 2.4% (1994)
Exchange rates pulas per US dollar - 5.4585 (January 2001), 5.1018 (2000), 4.6244 (1999), 4.2259 (1998), 3.6508 (1997), 3.3242 (1996) Macedonian denars per US dollar - 64.757 (January 2001), 65.904 (2000), 56.902 (1999), 54.462 (1998), 50.004 (1997), 39.981 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
Festus MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 54.3%
chief of state:
President Boris TRAJKOVSKI (since 15 December 1999)

head of government:
Prime Minister Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI (since 30 November 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly; note - current cabinet formed by the government coalition parties VMRO-DPMNE, LDP, and DPA

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 November 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); prime minister elected by parliament; election last held NA November 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
Boris TRAJKOVSKI elected president on second-round ballot; percent of vote - Boris TRAJKOVSKI 52.4%, Tito PETKOVSKI 46.2%
Exports $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities diamonds 72%, vehicles, copper, nickel, meat (1998) food, beverages, tobacco; miscellaneous manufactures, iron and steel
Exports - partners EU 77%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 18%, Zimbabwe 3% (1998) Germany 22%, Yugoslavia 22%, US 12%, Greece 7%, Italy 6% (2000)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center a rising yellow sun with eight rays extending to the edges of the red field
GDP purchasing power parity - $10.4 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $9 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
4%

industry:
46% (including 36% mining)

services:
50% (1998 est.)
agriculture:
12%

industry:
25%

services:
63% (2000)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $6,600 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $4,400 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 6% (2000 est.) 5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 22 00 S, 24 00 E 41 50 N, 22 00 E
Geography - note landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
Highways total:
18,482 km

paved:
4,343 km

unpaved:
14,139 km (1996)
total:
8,684 km

paved:
5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways)

unpaved:
3,144 km (1997)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs - increasing transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe
Imports $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, petroleum products machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; food products
Imports - partners Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 76%, Europe 10%, South Korea 5% (1998) Germany 13%, Ukraine 13%, Russia 10%, Yugoslavia 8%, Greece 8% (2000)
Independence 30 September 1966 (from UK) 17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Industrial production growth rate 6.2% (2000 est.) 3% (2000)
Industries diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco
Infant mortality rate 63.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 12.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 8.6% (2000 est.) 11% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT (associate), BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) 6 (2000)
Irrigated land 20 sq km (1993 est.) 830 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district) Constitutional Court; Judicial Court of the Republic; judges for both courts are elected by the Judicial Council
Labor force 235,000 formal sector employees (1995) 1 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation 100,000 public sector; 135,000 private sector, including 14,300 who are employed in various mines in South Africa; most others engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1995 est.) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries total:
4,013 km

border countries:
Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km
total:
748 km

border countries:
Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Yugoslavia 221 km
Land use arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
46%

forests and woodland:
47%

other:
6% (1993 est.)
arable land:
24%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
25%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
10% (1993 est.)
Languages English (official), Setswana Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%
Legal system based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12) and the National Assembly (44 seats, 40 members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
National Assembly elections last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - BDP 57.2%, BNF 26%, other 16.8%; seats by party - BDP 33, BNF 6, other 1
unicameral Assembly or Sobranje (120 seats - 85 members are elected by popular vote, 35 members come from lists of candidates submitted by parties based on the percentage that parties gain from the overall vote; all serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 18 October and 1 November 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - VMRO-DPMNE 43, SDSM 27, PDP 14, DA 13, DPA 11, VMRO-VMRO 6, LDP 4, SP 1, Roma Party 1
Life expectancy at birth total population:
37.13 years

male:
36.77 years

female:
37.51 years (2001 est.)
total population:
74.02 years

male:
71.79 years

female:
76.43 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
69.8%

male:
80.5%

female:
59.9% (1995 est.)
definition:
NA

total population:
NA%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Southern Africa, north of South Africa Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
Map references Africa Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked) none (landlocked)
Military branches Botswana Defense Force (includes Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police Army (includes Air and Air Defense Forces), Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $61 million (FY99) $76.3 million (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.2% (FY99) 2.17% (FY00/01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
380,152 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
548,183 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
199,995 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
442,053 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age 19 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
19,479 (2001 est.)
males:
17,905 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 30 September (1966) Uprising Day, 2 August (1903)
Nationality noun:
Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

adjective:
Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
noun:
Macedonian(s)

adjective:
Macedonian
Natural hazards periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility high seismic risks
Natural resources diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber, arable land
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - 10 km
Political parties and leaders Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Kenneth KOMA]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Michael DINGAKE]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]

note:
main parties are: BDP, BNF, BCP; other minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim SETSHWAELO, chairman] but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO], the Botswana Peoples Party, the Independence Freedom Party [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]
Democratic Alternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president]; Democratic Party for Albanians or DPA [Arben XHAFERI, president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Ljubcho GEORGIEVSKI, president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-True Macedonian Reform Option or VMRO-VMRO [Boris STOJMANOV]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Risto GUSTERVO]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PDP [Imeri IMERI, president]; Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM (former Communist Party) [Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Union of Romanies of Macedonia or SRM [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 1,586,119

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
2,046,209 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 47% (2000 est.) 25% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate 0.47% (2001 est.) 0.43% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none none
Radio broadcast stations AM 7, FM 15, shortwave 5 (1998) AM 29, FM 20, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 237,000 (1997) 410,000 (1997)
Railways total:
888 km

narrow gauge:
888 km 1.067-m gauge (2000)
total:
699 km

standard gauge:
699 km 1.435-m gauge (233 km electrified)

note:
a 56-km extension of the Kumanovo-Beljakovci line to the Bulgarian border at Gyveshevo is under construction (2001)
Religions indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50% Macedonian Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.93 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.08 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.08 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.8 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
sparse system

domestic:
small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations

international:
two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
NA
Telephones - main lines in use 86,000 (1997) 408,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 12,362 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 0 (1997) 31 (plus 166 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Total fertility rate 3.7 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 40% (2000 est.) 32% (2000)
Waterways none note:
lake transport only, on the Greek and Albanian borders
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